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Realization is deliberately similar to generalization it indicates that one class implements behavior specified by another. The link between DataInputStream and DataInput is a realization relationship. The DataInputStream class implements both the DataInput and InputStream interfaces and is a subclass of the latter. Some client class, say, OrderReader, needs to use DataInput's functionality. Interfaces and Abstract Class: An Example from Java InputStream is an abstract class DataInput is an interface.įigure 6-11. In Figure 6-11, we see InputStream, DataInput, and DataInputStream (defined in the standard java.io package). Java provides an interface construct, and the compiler checks that the implementing class provides implementations of all of the interface's operations Subclassing is not the only way to do this, however. With a diagramming tool, however, I prefer the elegance of italics. You can use the on whiteboards because I can't write italic text. If you have an abstract class or method, the UML convention is to italicize the name of the abstract item.
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Platform-specific subclasses can be used as desired. This class has no method bodies it only defines an interface for the text editor to use. To allow the editor to be platform-independent, we define a platform-independent abstract Window class. The text editor represented in Figure 6-10 is a typical example of this. The point is that subclassingor some other mechanismwill provide the implementation, but clients will never see the implementation, only the interface. Such classes may provide some implementation, but often they are used primarily to declare an interface. Interfaces are often declared through abstract classes. Using the interface as a separate construct is rarely used, which is a shame.Ī pure interface, as in Java, is a class with no implementation and, therefore, has operation declarations but no method bodies and no fields. Programming languages use a single construct, the class, which contains both interface and implementation. Much of the power of object development comes from this property.
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The template parameters for the template signature specify the formal parameters that will be substituted by actual parameters (or the default) in a binding.One of the great qualities of object-oriented development is that you can vary the interfaces of classes independent of the implementation. 622) states:Ī template is a parameterized element that can be used to generate other model elements using TemplateBinding relationships. The OMG UML specification (UML Superstructure Specification, v2.1.1, p. On a diagram, template Classes are shown with the parameters in a dashed outline box in the upper right corner of the Class. The default Class can be either the constraining classifier or any Class that derives from the constraining classifier. Type in the name and type of the parameter and, if required, click on the button after the 'Constraints' and 'Default' fields to select the required constraining and default Classes from the 'Select ' dialog. The 'Template Parameter' dialog displays. In the 'Template Parameter(s)' panel, click on the Add button. Select the 'Design > Element > Manage > Template Parameters' ribbon option.